| Escalator Steps | Carry passengers between different floor levels while maintaining a continuous, interlocked walking surface. | Die-cast aluminium or formed metal with longitudinal grooves and yellow step demarcation lines. | Terminal halls Concourse links Baggage areas | Cracks, deformation, missing demarcation lines, damaged rollers, abnormal noise, and correct step alignment. | Match step dimensions, axle spacing, roller position, groove pattern, and system configuration before ordering. |
| Step Rollers | Guide and support each step along the track system and help reduce rolling resistance. | Steel or engineered polymer wheels with sealed or shielded bearings, depending on the assembly design. | High-cycle escalators operating continuously during passenger peak periods. | Flat spots, bearing noise, excessive play, uneven rotation, heat, and track contact marks. | Replace worn rollers in accordance with the maintenance schedule and inspect the associated axles and tracks. |
| Step Chain | Connects the steps and transfers drive force through the escalator loop. | Precision-manufactured alloy-steel links, pins, bushings, and rollers with corrosion-resistant lubrication requirements. | Long-rise installations and heavily used terminal escalators subject to frequent load cycles. | Elongation, stiff links, corrosion, inadequate lubrication, abnormal vibration, and uneven tension. | Use the correct pitch, link arrangement, roller dimensions, and rated load; chain replacement normally requires alignment checks. |
| Drive Chain | Transfers torque from the gearbox or drive output to the step-chain sprocket or main drive assembly. | Industrial roller-chain construction using hardened steel links, pins, bushes, and rollers. | Escalators and moving walks with high daily operating hours. | Chain elongation, sprocket wear, excessive slack, lubrication condition, vibration, and unusual mechanical noise. | Replace the chain and inspect sprocket tooth profiles when elongation or wear exceeds the equipment manufacturer’s limits. |
| Drive Sprocket | Engages the drive chain or step chain and converts rotational motion into step movement. | Machined or forged alloy steel, often with a hardened or treated tooth surface. | Drive stations exposed to repeated starting, stopping, and passenger loading cycles. | Hooked or sharpened teeth, uneven wear, cracks, runout, loose keys, and incorrect chain engagement. | Confirm tooth count, pitch, bore, keyway, rotation direction, and shaft dimensions before replacement. |
| Handrail Belt | Provides passengers with a moving handhold synchronized with the escalator steps. | Multi-layer elastomer construction with internal reinforcement and a low-friction guide surface. | Public-facing areas where hygiene, passenger comfort, and continuous availability are important. | Cracks, glazing, stretching, surface cuts, tracking problems, speed mismatch, and excessive tension. | Verify belt length, profile, guide dimensions, direction of travel, and compatibility with the handrail drive system. |
| Handrail Drive Wheel | Maintains handrail movement and helps synchronize the handrail speed with the steps. | Rubber-coated or high-friction polymer wheel mounted on a metal hub or drive assembly. | Escalators with long handrail paths or intensive daily passenger use. | Surface hardening, slipping, uneven wear, bearing noise, poor tracking, and speed deviation. | Inspect the wheel, pressure setting, guide rollers, and handrail condition together rather than replacing only one worn component. |
| Comb Plate | Bridges the transition between the moving steps and the landing floor while reducing the gap at the landing. | Cast or machined aluminium, stainless steel, or other approved metal with replaceable comb teeth. | Boarding and exiting points of terminal escalators and moving walks. | Broken or bent teeth, incorrect clearance, loose fasteners, contamination, and damaged yellow warning markings. | Use the correct tooth profile and landing geometry; comb impact devices must be tested after installation. |
| Comb Impact Safety Device | Detects excessive force or obstruction at the comb area and initiates a safety stop. | Mechanical trigger assembly with electrical switching elements and adjustable mounting hardware. | High-traffic landings where footwear, luggage, or foreign objects may reach the comb area. | Correct activation force, switch response, reset operation, wiring condition, and secure mounting. | Functional testing is required after replacement; never bypass the device during normal operation. |
| Skirt Panel | Forms the side boundary beside the steps and helps prevent access to internal moving components. | Stainless steel, coated steel, or other rigid metal panels with smooth, cleanable surfaces. | Passenger-facing areas requiring durability, cleanability, and resistance to frequent contact. | Dents, sharp edges, corrosion, loose fixings, excessive step-to-skirt clearance, and surface contamination. | Check panel thickness, curvature, fixing locations, finish, and required clearance from the steps. |
| Skirt Deflector Brush | Creates a visual and physical boundary that discourages passengers from placing footwear or objects against the skirt. | Flexible nylon or similar synthetic bristles fixed to an aluminium or polymer carrier. | Passenger escalators in busy terminals, transfer corridors, and public concourses. | Missing bristles, loose carrier sections, contamination, poor alignment, and interference with steps. | Confirm brush height, carrier profile, fixing method, and continuous coverage along the required skirt section. |
| Balustrade Panel | Provides a transparent or solid barrier beside the handrail and protects passengers from moving mechanisms. | Tempered safety glass, laminated safety glass, or approved transparent polymer panels with metal supports. | Terminal interiors where visibility, passenger guidance, and architectural integration are required. | Chips, cracks, loose clamps, damaged seals, panel movement, and incorrect edge clearances. | Confirm thickness, dimensions, hole positions, edge treatment, safety-glazing specification, and support hardware. |
| Emergency Stop Button | Allows passengers or authorized personnel to stop the escalator quickly during an emergency. | Red latching push button with a protective bezel and electrical contact block. | Accessible at escalator entrances, exits, and other locations specified by the safety design. | Visibility, accessibility, latching action, contact operation, reset procedure, labels, and enclosure condition. | Test the complete stop circuit and reset sequence after replacement; use the approved contact arrangement. |
| Safety Switches | Monitor conditions such as overspeed, broken drive components, access-panel opening, step loss, or handrail entry obstruction. | Industrial electromechanical switches, proximity sensors, or position switches with protected cabling. | Safety circuits throughout the truss, drive station, landing, skirt, and handrail entry zones. | Actuator position, contact continuity, cable damage, corrosion, false trips, and correct fail-safe operation. | Identify the monitored function and contact logic before installation; test the safety circuit under controlled conditions. |
| Gearbox Seals and Bearings | Maintain lubricant containment and support rotating shafts inside the drive transmission. | Oil-resistant elastomer seals and precision rolling bearings selected for the gearbox design. | Drive units operating for extended periods with frequent starts, stops, and changes in passenger load. | Oil leakage, temperature rise, vibration, unusual sound, shaft play, and lubricant contamination. | Confirm shaft size, seal profile, bearing clearance, lubricant type, and alignment requirements before service. |
| Controller and Relay Components | Manage motor starting, stopping, monitoring, fault handling, lighting, and communication with safety circuits. | Electrical control modules, relays, contactors, terminal blocks, sensors, and protected wiring assemblies. | Airport facilities requiring reliable operation, fault indication, and integration with building maintenance procedures. | Loose terminals, overheating, contact wear, insulation damage, fault codes, and correct input/output signals. | Match voltage, current rating, control logic, terminal layout, enclosure requirements, and approved software configuration. |
| Step Demarcation Inserts | Improve visual awareness of step edges and help passengers identify the boundaries of each moving step. | High-visibility yellow polymer or approved coating integrated into or attached to the step surface. | Boarding and exit zones with heavy passenger flow and varied lighting conditions. | Fading, peeling, missing sections, contamination, poor contrast, and damage caused by cleaning equipment. | Use a compatible insert or coating that does not create a raised edge or interfere with step clearances. |