| Glass Fiber Content by Mass | 60–75% | ASTM D2584 or thermogravimetric analysis | A typical range for structural pultruded glass-fiber-reinforced polymer profiles. Higher fiber content generally improves longitudinal stiffness and strength, provided wet-out and consolidation are properly controlled. |
| Glass Fiber Type | E-glass, continuous or roving reinforcement | Material declaration and compositional verification | E-glass is widely used because it provides a practical balance of tensile strength, electrical insulation, corrosion resistance, and cost. |
| Bare E-Glass Filament Tensile Strength | Approximately 3,400–3,500 MPa | ASTM D2343 or ISO 11566 | This value applies to the glass filament, not directly to the finished composite profile. The final profile strength is lower and depends on fiber alignment, resin system, void content, geometry, and processing. |
| Pultruded Profile Longitudinal Tensile Strength | Approximately 300–1,000 MPa | ASTM D638, ASTM D3917, or ISO 527 | The actual result varies significantly with fiber architecture, resin chemistry, profile shape, test direction, specimen preparation, and manufacturer quality controls. |
| Longitudinal Tensile Modulus | Approximately 25–50 GPa | ASTM D638, ASTM D3917, or ISO 527 | A key design value for beams, ladders, gratings, frames, and structural channels where deflection control is important. |
| Flexural Strength | Approximately 300–900 MPa | ASTM D790 or ISO 14125 | Useful for evaluating bending performance. Results depend on laminate construction, support span, specimen dimensions, and whether the profile is solid, hollow, or shaped. |
| Flexural Modulus | Approximately 20–45 GPa | ASTM D790 or ISO 14125 | Supports preliminary calculations for bending stiffness and serviceability. Final structural calculations should use certified product-specific data. |
| Density | Approximately 1.8–2.0 g/cm³ | ASTM D792 or ISO 1183 | Typically lower than steel, which can reduce handling and installation weight while retaining useful structural performance. |
| Water Absorption | Usually below 1.0% by mass after conditioning | ASTM D570 or ISO 62 | Low water absorption helps maintain dimensional stability and mechanical performance in humid or wet environments. The result depends on resin, surface finish, and void content. |
| Continuous Service Temperature | Approximately 65–120°C | Resin technical data and heat-deflection testing | The applicable limit is governed mainly by the resin system, glass-transition temperature, loading conditions, and exposure time. A project-specific temperature rating is required. |
| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | Approximately 5–15 × 10−6/°C longitudinally | ASTM E831 or ISO 11359 | The longitudinal value is generally lower than that of the transverse direction because of aligned glass fibers. This matters for long profiles and assemblies exposed to temperature changes. |
| Electrical Insulation | Non-conductive when produced with insulating resin and without conductive fillers | ASTM D149, ASTM D257, or IEC 60093 | Suitable for many electrical-access and utility applications, but insulation performance must be verified for the specific resin, moisture condition, thickness, and voltage environment. |
| Corrosion Resistance | High resistance to moisture, salts, and many industrial chemicals | ASTM G20, ASTM B117, or project-specific chemical exposure testing | Chemical compatibility depends on resin formulation, concentration, temperature, exposure duration, and mechanical loading. A chemical-resistance confirmation should be obtained for demanding environments. |
| Dimensional Tolerance | Defined by profile geometry and applicable pultrusion specification | ASTM D3917 or approved production drawings | Buyers should specify critical dimensions, straightness, twist, wall thickness, cut length, surface finish, and inspection frequency before production approval. |
| Quality Documentation | Material certificate, inspection report, batch traceability, and test results | ISO 9001-based quality system and purchase specification | For international procurement, documentation should identify the product specification, test direction, specimen size, conditioning, batch number, and acceptance criteria. |